Passage:

Economists once expected that widespread adoption of digital tools would produce an immediate, broad rise in productivity. When measured output per hour did not surge on schedule, commentators announced a “productivity paradox” and treated the missing gains as proof that information technology was overrated. A recent review argues that this verdict confuses timing with absence. It notes that many technologies first increase measurable output only after complementary changes such as reorganizing workflows, retraining workers, and redesigning supply chains. Moreover, the review warns that some gains appear as quality improvements rather than higher quantities, which standard metrics can undercount. The review concludes that the paradox is better understood as a mismatch between how productivity is measured and how, and when, technology-driven benefits actually materialize.

Which choice best states the central idea of the passage?